EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Indeed, randomized phase III studies revealed that first-line treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) conferred an improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC, who were selected on the basis of the presence of activating EGFR mutations [4,5,6,7,8,9] (Table 1).