PTGS2 and cancer: Indeed, the alteration in various signaling pathways such as NF-ĸB, TNF and inhibition of enzymes such as COX-2, protein kinase, cytokines and MMPs transcription factors as well as blocking cancer cell proliferation at different phases of cell cycle such as G1, G2, M, S to induce apoptosis, are comparable to the cancer fighting mechanism of curcuminoids.