In addition, suppression noticed in MMP-9 and COX-2 promoter activation was due to the inhibition of its binding to nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B-cells (NF–κB) in vivo via modulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling in breast cancer cells [36]. Here, PTGS2 is linked to breast carcinoma.