IL1B and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: AZD8999 concentration-dependently (0.1 nM–1 μM) inhibited the mediator secretion induced by LPS (1 μg/ml) similarly in both healthy and COPD neutrophils, showing the maximal % inhibition of ~ 50% for IL-8, ~70% for MMP9 and ~30% for IL-1β release (Fig 1A–1C and Table 2).