Two independent case-control studies nested in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial showed a positive association between circulating CRP concentrations and risk of lung cancer for current and former smokers.6 More recently, an inverse association between CRP and the risk of lung cancer was reported for female never smokers, an important subgroup that the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial was not adequately powered to assess.7 This evidence concerns the gene CRP and lung cancer.