Some recent studies [14–17] suggested that specific risk factors and mechanisms were involved in early and late recurrences for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after liver resection, reporting that microsatellite, microvascular invasion (MVI), and abnormal elevation of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were associated with early recurrence, while cirrhosis and hepatitis activity contributed to late recurrence in HCC. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.