Notably, fasting insulin was positively associated with RCC risk, with each SD increment (44.4 pmol/L) increasing RCC risk by 82% (ORSD: 1.82, 95% CI 1.30–2.55) whereas little evidence was seen for a role of fasting glucose in RCC (P = 0.43) (Fig 1). Here, INS is linked to renal cell carcinoma.