As expected, compared with vehicle-treated mice fed a normal diet, vehicle-treated HFCD-fed mice had significant increases in the following: body weight; liver weight; macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis scores; triglyceride, total cholesterol, and TNF-α content; and plasma glucose, total cholesterol, ALT, AST, and AP levels; as well as decreased plasma triglyceride levels (Table 4; Fig. 9). Here, TNF is linked to steatosis.