In GBM, miR-10b has been previously reported to inhibit invasiveness by targeting HOXD10 and regulating the transcription of MMP14 and uPAR. 28 Previously, miR-23a has been reported to regulate expression of HOXD10 in glioma cells.46 In this study, we also identified miR-23a as a novel direct regulator of HOXD10 via translational but not transcriptional regulation (Fig. 2a, b). This evidence concerns the gene PLAUR and central nervous system cancer.