AKT1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: In contrast to the lack of evidence supporting the involvement of PI3K and Akt and MAPK signaling, ATP-competitive mTOR inhibition had a profound inhibitory effect on TGF-β1-induced collagen synthesis (with the most potent and selective compounds tested displaying an IC50 within the nanomolar range) in control and IPF fibroblasts.