CD274 and rectum adenocarcinoma: In recent studies, chemotherapy was reported to enhance EMT.7 Zhang et al demonstrated that chemo‐preventive agents induce PD‐L1 in human breast cancer cells and promote PD‐L1‐mediated interferon‐γ and T‐cell apoptosis.11, 22 Hecht et al23 also showed that PD‐L1 expression in rectal adenocarcinoma is upregulated after chemoradiotherapy compared with before.