The number of granule cells in the dentate gyrus was decreased in diabetic groups, and marginally so in EPO-treated diabetics, compared to controls (ANOVA, F (2, 90) = 27.23, p = 5.70 × 10−10; unpaired, t-tests assuming unequal variance: control versus diabetes, t (54) = 6.73, p = 1.135 × 10−8; control versus EPO-treated diabetics, t (54) = 1.833, p = 0.072. Here, EPO is linked to diabetes mellitus.