Furthermore, α-synuclein released from neurons can stimulate proinflammatory gene expression by microglia specifically through the interaction of α-synuclein and TLR2 [58,59], suggesting that TLR2 signaling may be involved in many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. This evidence concerns the gene TLR2 and neurodegenerative disease.