Based on the functional categorization of chemokines as described by Zlotnik and Yoshie [30], the elevated chemokines in TS-CONTROL compared to TS-COPD can be classified as follows: Inflammatory (CCL1, 7, and 15; CXCL2 and 9), homeostatic (CCL19, CCL25), and dual function (CCL17). This evidence concerns the gene CCL1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.