Moreover, we also confirmed that Lf not only inhibited the high expression of cleaved caspase-3 but also elevated the Bcl-2/Bax ratios in PD mice, which have been widely used to measure the degree of apoptosis [44], thus indicating that Lf inhibited cell apoptosis by blocking the JNK and P38 MAPK signaling pathways. This evidence concerns the gene LTF and Parkinson disease.