In particular, R0 ranged from 6.9–15.9 (and R0* from 2.2–8.8), similar to estimates for influenza (4.4–37.7) and HIV (3.8–11) [30, 35], and q reached 0.38–1.67 day-1, in line with previous CD8+ T cell expansion rates for HIV (0.51–1.22 day-1) [56]. Here, CD8A is linked to influenza.