LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: Interestingly, LRRK2 kinase inhibition is also believed to be beneficial in PD cases without genetic LRRK2 modifications given the increased autophosphorylation at S1292 observed in urinary exosomes [23, 24] and substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in postmortem brain tissue from patients with idiopathic PD [25].