INS and Insulin resistance: Thus, multiglycosylated PPD- and PPT-type ginsenosides, such as Rb1 and Rg1, respectively, have been shown to exert antihyperglycemic activity via induction of increase in insulin sensitivity and insulin uptake [60,61], suppression of insulin resistance [62], reduction in food uptake and body weight [54], increase in membrane translocation of glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 [61,63], increase in glucose uptake [54] and suppression of the gluconeogenic enzymes glucose 6-phosphate and PEPCK expression [54,64].