The administration of butyrate, a SCFA, effectively ameliorates lipid accumulation and liver inflammation in animal NAFLD models, through modulation of gut microbiota and gut barrier function (Zhou et al, 2017b), attenuation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction (Jin et al, 2016), and suppression of inflammatory pathways (Sun et al, 2018). Here, NOS2 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.