CD4 and melanoma: Alena et al. also identified neoantigen-specific lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients.34 Clinically, increases of absolute lymphocyte counts and percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were associated with positive outcome of melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab.35 Indeed, our data from peripheral phenotypic markers also indicated that lymphocytes in responders at day 10 may experience similar transitions as TILs except CD8+% (Fig. 2 and S1).