For example, a NSCLC patient with a high TMB but immunologically cold (non-T-cell-inflamed) cancer could likely benefit from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in combination with another agent or treatment modality, such as radiation or chemotherapy, which can help transform the tumor microenvironment to T-cell-inflamed (immunologically hot) rendering it responsive to treatment with an anti-PD-1 drug [24, 25]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.