Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-18, IL-1 and TNF-α, as well as chemokines including ICAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and nuclear transcription factor κB (NFκB) were reported to be significnatly increased in patients with DM [32–34]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is diabetes mellitus.