In the univariate analysis risk factors for anal cytological abnormalities were history of anal intercourse (OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.1–18.7), with p-value of 0.00, history of active tuberculosis (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–6.1), with p-value of 0.04, low CD4 count < 350/μl (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–7.7) with p-value of 0.02, WHO clinical stage III + IV (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1–7.1) with p-value of 0.02. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is tuberculosis.