IL1B and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: Consistent with previous works (Kayagaki et al. 2011; Hagar et al. 2013; Kayagaki et al. 2013; Wang et al. 1998; Cheng et al. 2017), genetic deletion of Caspase-11 blocked the release of IL-1α and IL-1β in endotoxemia (Fig. 1a-b).