PTGS2 and neoplasm: SIN suppresses the proliferation of various tumor cells, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, hepatic cancer, and renal cancer, and its anti-tumor mechanism may involve the following factors: Antagonizing tumor cell invasion and migration; inhibiting tumor cell proliferation via immunosuppression (COX-2 and VEGF) or apoptotic protein-associated pathway (NF-κB, PI3K/AKT) to induce tumor cell apoptosis.