CCR5 and infection: MIP-3α is a chemokine that attracts lymphocytes and DCs into mucosal tissue near the epithelial barrier.30,31 It has been shown that the level of MIP-3α is rapidly increased after infection with HIV, which leads to the recruitment of plasmacytoid DCs and production of MIP-1α and MIP-1β, which in turn attracts activated CCR5+CD4+ T cells.