In patients with hypercholesterolemia, increased circulating concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α/CCL3), MIP-1β (CCL4), IL-8/CXCL8 and IFN-γ-inducible protein10 (IP-10/CXCL10) have been also described [10,11]. The gene discussed is CCL3; the disease is familial hypercholesterolemia.