In addition, in mice with low ATG16L1 expression, significant abnormalities were observed in the secretory pathway of Paneth cell granules, and in patients with CD harboring homozygous ATG16L1 T300A mutations, abnormal Paneth cells, similar to low ATG16L1 expression mice, were reported to have been found in noninflammatory sites in the ileum [72]. This evidence concerns the gene ATG16L1 and Cowden disease.