AKT1 and Arthritis: While we did not observe any detrimental effects of SecinH3 treatment in our study, cytohesin inhibitors were shown to increase insulin resistance in mice.25 Antiproliferative effects of SecinH3 correlate with a profound inhibition of Akt activation and survivin expression in lung cancer.47 SecinH3 has also been shown to reduce lung injury in septic rats and increase vascular stability in mouse models of arthritis.48,49 In addition to the inhibition of Arf6, which localizes to the plasma membrane, SecinH3 may also inhibit the activity of Golgi-localized Arfs (Arf 1,3,4,5).