AKR1C3 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: However, among the highly aneuploid HPV‐negative male HNSCC, we found that genes upregulated in LoY versus non‐LoY cases were still significantly enriched for genes involved in redox processes and the metabolism of chemotherapeutic drugs, again including AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, and G6PD (Table 8).