TNF and Hepatitis: In this regard, our previous studies in the woodchuck model showed that resolution of WHV-induced AH is predetermined by a significantly greater hepatic expression of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and CD3, an increased tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) transcription, low hepatic WHV load, and a greater degree of liver inflammation than those in acute infection with CH outcome (Hodgson and Michalak, 2001).