Epigenetic remodeling has been also demonstrated to sensitize cancer cells to immune checkpoint (IC) blocking therapies, through the up-regulation of immunostimulatory cytokines [e.g., chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) and 10 (CXCL10)] that recruit T lymphocytes at tumor sites (Dunn and Rao, 2017), and/or through the up-regulation of the expression of IC molecules [i.e., cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2)] in MDS (Yang et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and cancer.