Consistent with a different immunomodulatory activity between investigated DHAs, treatment of CTLA-4-positive melanoma cells with guadecitabine, DAC or AZA up-regulated (FC ≥2) the constitutive expression levels of CTLA-4 in 42.8% (3/7), 71.4% (5/7) and 28.6% (2/7) melanoma cell lines, respectively (Figure 3B). Here, CTLA4 is linked to melanoma.