FOS and tropical spastic paraparesis: The present results, our previous study on LAT, BIM, c-FOS and RAD51 [45] and recent bioinformatics findings demonstrated that in contrast to HAM/TSP patients, AKT/mTOR and DNA repairing pathways such as BRCA1 and RAD51 are pivotal signalling pathways in the maintenance and progression of ATLL which should be targeted for therapy in ATLL malignancy.