Activation by electrophilic compounds or oxidative stress results in a nuclear translocation of Nrf2, where it induces multiple genes of xenobiotic and oxidative stress response.[35] Several reports indicate that Ginkgo biloba at least partly promotes anti-oxidative effects by inducing Keap1-Nrf2-signaling.[36] Consistently, our transcriptomic analyses revealed a strong regulation of downstream targets of xenobiotic and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response pathways in both hepatoma cells and hepatocytes (Fig 5C). Here, KEAP1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.