The frequency of all types of hematopoietic CFC in healthy CD34+ HSPCs following co-culture on AZA treated HR-MDS-MSCs also increased significantly (average fold increase for CFU-GM: 1.8 ± 0.1, CFU-GEMM: 1.9 ± 0.1, BFU-E: 1.7 ± 0.2) compared to those co-cultured with untreated MDS-MSCs (Fig. 3h). Here, CD34 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.