For instance, Anderson et al. analyzed the efficacy of a combination anti-HIV lentiviral vector encoding a CCR5 shRNA (pre-entry), a human/rhesus macaque chimeric TRIM5α (pre-integration), and a transactivation response element (TAR) decoy (post-integration) to block productive HIV-1 infection and to inhibit the formation of novel provirus. This evidence concerns the gene CCR5 and HIV-1 infection.