CD3+CD4+CD14−CD45RO+ memory Th cells isolated from the synovial fluid of patients with RA expressed 8.4-fold (ex vivo) and 4.9-fold (after restimulation with PMA/ionomycin) higher levels of miR-31 when compared to their counterparts isolated from the peripheral blood (PB) of healthy subjects (HC) (Figure 1B). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and rheumatoid arthritis.