ESR1 and breast carcinoma: To further define the mechanisms by which CD36 promotes cell proliferation/migration and inhibits apoptosis, we determined if CD36 can activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2; phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2)) and ERα, the two signaling pathways involved in breast cancer cell growth23,24.