Mark Gilbert and team are currently recruiting newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients for a Phase II clinical trial investigating the effect of HSPPC-96 vaccine treatment together with standard radiotherapy and TMZ as well as pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, to elucidate whether the HSPs from these individuals can enhance pembrolizumab efficacy (149). Here, PDCD1 is linked to glioblastoma.