HDGFL2 and coinfection: falciparum isolates without the HRP2 gene have been shown to be important contributors to false negative HRP2-based MRDT testing.34,35 Moreover, only Plasmodium falciparum releases HRP2; therefore, the presence of non-falciparum infection as another malaria species co-infection in Plasmodium falciparum may also give a false negative result.