TGFB1 and neoplasm: Taken together, several lines of evidence indicate that the TGF-β-related signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the crosstalk between ovarian cancer cells and CAFs in the intraperitoneal metastatic tumor microenvironment, suggesting that targeting TGF-β-related signaling may lead to the development of a novel therapeutic strategy against ovarian cancer metastasis [75, 81].