There are three main findings that we describe: TDP-43 pathology is strongly associated with advanced AD pathology; TDP-43 pathology is associated with increasingly severe arteriolosclerosis pathology (particularly in non APOE ɛ4/ɛ4 carriers); and age-related TDP-43 pathology is predominantly seen in the medial temporal cortex, uncommon in frontal neocortex, and very rare in spinal cord. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and arteriolosclerosis.