Since cerebral TSPO can be measured using radiotracers such as [11C]DPA-713 with positron emission tomography (PET), imaging TSPO has proven a useful method to test for hypothesized immune activation in vivo in relevant neurological conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus-related neurodegeneration, systemic lupus erythematosus, and traumatic brain injury [14–16]. The gene discussed is TSPO; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.