Furthermore, levels of chemotactic chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β/CCL4) and CXCL16, were found to be higher in the sera and stools of idiopathic IBS patients [8]. Here, CXCL16 is linked to irritable bowel syndrome.