HLA-E and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Interestingly, MAFA and MAFB showed opposing correlations for some T1D risk genes such as ORMDL3, HLA-DMB, HLA-E, CTRB1, and IFIH1. Overall, our analysis suggests that MAFA expression in β cells is critical for establishing a physiologically balanced immune microenvironment in human islets.