Furthermore, though this review does not focus on other types of HF such as I/R injury, myocardial infarction, and diabetic cardiomyopathy (see also Section 4.10), it is also possible that other upstream signaling (e.g., ROCK [141], GSK3β [120,159] and CaN [151] under I/R injury and myocardial infarction)-mediated phosphorylation and other types of PTMs may have significant roles for the development of HF. Here, GSK3B is linked to diabetic cardiomyopathy.