Though it is still unclear whether the alteration in the stoichiometric ratio of fission/fusion proteins creates an imbalance between fusion and fission in HF ([34,35,85]), these observations have introduced the idea that PTMs of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins by AR signaling may be at least part of the mechanism for promoting mitochondrial fragmentation in the CMs during HF. The gene discussed is AR; the disease is hydrops fetalis.