In young BL mice (10–12 weeks of age) that had yet to develop steatosis, loss of Smurf1 increased the expression of total Pparγ (about 1.57-fold) when the mice were fed on ND (S3A Fig), suggesting that Smurf1 has a direct causal effect on Pparγ expression. This evidence concerns the gene SMURF1 and steatosis.