ACD is described as a functional iron deficiency caused by elevated hepcidin levels, which implies that oral iron supplementation is unnecessary.14–16 Patients with ACD aged ≥50 years have a relative risk for mortality of 1.48 compared to adults without anaemia.17 To ensure proper treatment of ACD, the underlying cause needs to be elucidated and treated. This evidence concerns the gene HAMP and anemia (phenotype).