MMP9 and diabetes mellitus: Altemtam, Nahas & Johnson (2012) found that urinary gelatinase activity attributable to MMP-2 and MMP-9 in DM patients is threefold higher than in apparently healthy volunteers, and that total urinary activity of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13/creatinine ratio is significantly higher in females compared to males, irrespective of albuminuria.