MMP9 and diabetic kidney disease: Thrailkill et al. (2010) propose that sex-specific differences could support a contribution to susceptibility for development of renal complications in T1DM. This is interesting since the pattern of urinary MMP-9 in relation to sex reported by Thrailkill et al. (2010) in T1DM subjects, appears to coincide with that of Altemtam, Nahas & Johnson (2012) in DKD subjects with macroalbuminuria at stages 3–4, and with the findings of the present study in subjects with T2DM, with and without renal impairment.