Other ALS-associated genes, including alsin (ALS2), angiogenin (ANG), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1), optineurin (OPTN), sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/P62), ubiquilin 2 (UBQLN2), TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), valosin-containing protein (VCP) and VAMP-associated protein B and C (VAPB) among others, account for only a small percentage of cases so confounding treatment strategies. The gene discussed is OPTN; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.