C9 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Expanded hexanucleotide repeats within transcripts of the C9orf72 ALS gene can undergo non-conventional repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation and generate dipeptide repeats that form inclusions in cerebellum, neocortex, and hippocampal neurons of C9 patients and toxic cytoplasmic aggregates in cultured neuronal cells or Drosophila models ([126–129], reviewed in [130]).