TNF and infection: Type I cytokines such as IL-2 (Figures 5A,I), IFN-γ (Figures 5D,I), and TNF-α (Figures 5E,I) increased gradually in the sera of both the RH and ME49 groups, and there was an earlier significant increase of IFN-γ at day 3 post-infection in the RH group (Figure 5D, RH group vs. Control group: 12.74 ± 1.15 vs. 4.33 ± 0.88, P < 0.05).